The first set of options here ( -u admin_backup -p) tell MariaDB that this utility is to be executed by the user admin_backup and that the user needs to be prompted for a password, which will have to be typed in on the next line when asked. To export all of the databases in MariaDB using mariadb-dump, the following would be entered from the filesystem command-line: mariadb-dump -u admin_backup -p -x -A > /data/backup/dbs.sql If you were to open a dump file generated by mariadb-dump, you would see CREATE TABLE statements and a multitude of INSERT statements, one for each row of data. This data text file (known as a dump file) will contain the SQL statements necessary to reconstruct the databases and data. It works very simply: it retrieves the data and schema from each database and table and builds a data text file outside of MariaDB. Best of all it doesn't require you to shut down MariaDB services to make a backup. It comes with MariaDB, so it costs you nothing more. One of the best utilities to use to make a backup copy of a server's MariaDB's data is mariadb-dump (previously called mysqldump, which still works as a symlink).
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